For starters, it is worth finding out what psoriasis is and what are the causes of this disease.Psoriasis is a chronic non -infectious skin disease, characterized by the eruption of nodules and spots of red yellow with a peeled surface in the body.Most of the time, psoriasis is recorded in young people aged 18 to 45, but there are cases of psoriasis in children and the elderly.The essence of the disease is that, by unknown reason, epidermis cells begin to share acceleration, forming skin thickening and additional growth in these capillaries.
This disease accompanies humanity not a hundred years, and possibly from the moment of its appearance.The researchers find the remains of mummified old people who were sick with psoriasis.In the Middle Ages, this disease was often confused with leprosy and only in the middle of the nineteenth century.Psoriasis was defined as a separate disease - from this moment on the scientific study of the disease began.Surprisingly, to this day, scientists cannot completely discover the cause of the disease.On this occasion, several theories were presented:
- Heredity.The cause of the disease is the break in the inherited immune system.Therefore, if one parent is sick with psoriasis, the likelihood of a disease in a child is about 20%.If both parents have a disease, the probability of psoriasis in a child increases to 80%.Scientists observe that the disease itself is inherited, but only a predisposition to its occurrence.
- Viral theory.The justification that the causative agent of psoriasis may be a virus has tried to find many scientists.At the moment, the confirmation of this theory was not found.However, other infectious diseases - flu, tonsillitis, acute respiratory viral infections may affect the course of the disease, causing an exacerbation or becoming a trigger for the first external manifestations of psoriasis.
- Immunological theory.The most justified and universally recognized version of the appearance of psoriasis.The lower line is that the cause of the disease is a violation in the cell connection of immunity.More and more scientists are inclined to the fact that the disease is autoimmune - that is, the body's defenses turn against themselves and begin to reject skin cells, realizing it as strange.
- Exchange theory.To find out the causes of the pathology, scientists conducted numerous examinations of patients with psoriasis.During this process, it was found that they all have violations of metabolism.In particular, low body temperature;Increased blood cholesterol;Interrupted balance of vitamins.All of this leads to the conclusion that disorders in the exchange process play an important role in the occurrence of the disease.
Factors that cause the development of psoriasis
The fact that there are some triggers that cause disease or provocative exacerbation is known to the patients themselves and the treatment of doctors.Such reasons include:
- Stress, excessive nervous trauma, psychological trauma;
- Hormonal violations;
- Taking certain medications: antibiotics, vitamins B, anti -inflammatory;
- Mechanical skin lesions: cuts, burns, deep scratches;
- Infectious diseases: tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis, as well as infections caused by Streptococcus - scarletin fever, erysipelas, etc.;
- Drink alcohol, non -compliance with the regime, malnutrition, smoke;
- A sharp change in the climate, in the long run, in the sun.
Psoriasis symptoms
How to recognize signs of insidious disease and prevent it from spreading?The course of psoriasis is cyclical: periods of exacerbations are replaced by periods of remission.The disease has several forms, each has its own distinct characteristics characteristics, but there are general symptoms, whose totality clearly indicates the presence of psoriasis in the patient.This is the so -called psoriatic triad:
- The phenomenon of the fall of stearin.If you spread the surface of a psoriatic plate with a nail, keratinized skin scales, similar to frozen star droplets, they will separate from it.
- Under the separate layer of keratinized particles, a shiny red movie is found.
- "Bloody dew."If you leave this movie with a nail, small drops of blood will present yourself.The fact is that, under it, there are capillaries with thin walls and multiple hemorrhages arise from the smallest physical effect.
All of these symptoms are accompanied by itching in the affected area.Most of the time, the first psoriatic plates appear in places such as knees, elbows, inguinal region, scalp, armpits.First, rashes are single, but as the disease develops, its number increases and the plates can merge with each other, affecting the growing surface of the body.Kebner syndrome also occurs - the occurrence of new rashes in skin irritation sites.
Vulgar or common psoriasis
One of the most common forms of the disease is 80% of patients with psoriasis is diagnosed precisely by vulgar psoriasis.The most characteristic feature is the appearance in the body of reddish papules - nodules that have a rounded shape, clearly defined limits and rose slightly above the skin.The spots are covered with a gray attack of the separate scales.Rose rashes can affect the individual parts of the body and spread throughout the skin, located mainly on skin folds, joint joints, frequent contact sites and friction of the skin on clothes.
Scalp psoriasis
In this form of the disease, mainly part of the head, covered with hair, but with an additional course of the disease, the plates can spread on the face, ears and area of the neck.As it is quite difficult to see what is happening in the head independently, usually at the early stage of hair psoriasis, they confuse with ordinary dandruff and do not attribute much importance to symptoms.What are the signs of you to alert:
- Dry scalp;
- Severe itching;
- Pain and burning in the affected area;
- The appearance of peeling similar to dandruff;
- Hair loss.
Nail psoriasis
Psoriatic omitrophy, or nail psoriasis, can manifest itself as an independent disease and is a complication of common psoriasis.External signs of the disease are very similar to a fungal infection.The nail plate thickens, its color changes - may vary from yellow to gray.Naked eyes are visible traits of underwater hemorrhages - spots in red or purple.There is an oil point syndrome - a yellowish point under the nail plate.The nail itself is flat, it becomes rough for the touch, in the center, there are pressed features.Small holes also appear - such as the injections with a needle, the surface begins to look like a finger.Under the nail bed, the process of accumulating dead cells begins, in the future this can lead to the detachment of the nail and its loss.Both nails on both hands or only some can be affected.
Pustulenia psoriasis
It differs from the usual, as the lesion is characterized by the appearance of redness and pustules - bubbles with purulent content.With the later development of the disease, the bubbles begin to peel, exposing the surface of erosion.Pustular psoriasis has a more severe course, can be complicated by connecting a secondary infection, body intoxication to death.
Genital psoriasis
A rather rare form of disease.It is characterized by the appearance of small dropplaces of up to 1 centimeter in diameter.Favorite places: members and body.The appearance of rashes is accompanied by severe itching, this is usually preceded by the transferred streptococcal infection.
Psoriasis supported by boys
It is diagnosed in 15% of all patients with psoriasis.This form is characterized by the occurrence of papules on the palms and soles of the feet.In affected areas, there is severe itching and heat, usually cracks and bleeding on the skin.Patients experience strong difficulties when walking, the inability to perform any action with their hands.The pustular type of palmar psoriasis is characterized by the appearance of redness and bubbles with liquid content on the skin.
Exudation psoriasis
This type of disease is characterized by the formation of crying plates with irregular edges, covered with numerous layers of a crust with gray hair.Such crusts are formed from the impregnation of exudate keratinized particles, when trying to remove it, the plate acquires a reddish color, can start bleeding.This form is often found in patients, in the history of which there are problems in the work of the endocrine system, metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus.
Psoriatic arthritis
It is characterized by a set of symptoms of psoriasis and arthritis.Patients experience joint pain, limited in their mobility, the fingers swell strongly, the skin around them acquires a bluish tone.In addition, the disease can affect the spine and the sacred.In addition to the joints, tendons and joint cartilage also suffer.
Psoriasis diagnosis
As in the treatment of any other disease, the main thing is to discover the enemy per person and start a comprehensive treatment as soon as possible.The first thing to do if you suspect that the presence of psoriasis is to contact a dermatologist.The doctor will conduct a visual examination, scrape the affected area and prescribe the tests:
- General blood test;
- General urine analysis;
- Calais Analysis for Egg Golist.
- Blood test
- Urine analysis
- Calais Analysis
Sometimes these measures may not be sufficient for a precise diagnosis, as psoriasis symptoms can be expressed lubricated.In this case, to distinguish psoriasis from other similar skin diseases, a biopsy is prescribed - separating a piece of tissue and subsequent histological examination into the laboratory.In addition, the doctor collects information on clinical manifestations, patient complaints, as well as the image of his life, the presence of bad habits and hereditary predisposition to the disease.
Treatment of psoriasis
Unfortunately, it is impossible to completely get rid of psoriasis.However, this does not mean that you simply cannot pay attention to the presence of this diagnosis.Subject to all recommendations prescribed by the assistant doctor, you can get a persistent long remission and live for years without remembering that you are sick with psoriasis.There is no universal treatment methodology, as it depends on factors such as:
- Patient's age;
- Psoriasis type;
- The size of the affected areas and the location place;
- The severity of the disease.
As a rule, the treatment of psoriasis is a set of measures designed to eliminate and mitigate symptoms of the disease, maintaining the strength of the body, eliminating the cause that caused the disease exacerbation.
Drug therapy
The rest of the disease will have to combat the disease;Therefore, for patients with psoriasis diagnosis, the following treatment technique was developed: first, saving medications with the smallest number of side effects are prescribed.If the therapy does not have the proper effect, the medications will be replaced by the most powerful.But even a well -chosen drug course will have to be changed from time to time.This is necessary so that the body is not used to a particular drug and the effect of its action does not reach nothing.Treatment includes taking local medications and ointments.The following drugs are prescribed:
- Anti -histamines - relieve itching, allow us to sleep peacefully at night;
- Retinoids - derived from vitamin A - have a favorable effect on skin condition;
- Enterrosorbents - Your goal is to clean the toxin body;
- Hepatoprotectors - have a protective and restoration effect for liver cells;
- The enzymes that cause the gastrointestinal tract deal with the load;
- Non -esteroid medications - alleviate inflammation and pain;
- Antibiotics - are necessary in cases where the course of the disease is complicated by the connection of the infection;
- Cystatic - Reduce increased pathological increased cell division;
- Immunosuppressants;
- Biological products.
At the early stage of psoriasis, unpleasant symptoms can eliminate various ointments and creams, which are also a compulsory component of a complex of measures in the treatment of advanced cases of the disease.These funds can be divided into two large groups: no -Hormonal and hormonal.
Physiotherapy
- A few decades ago, the positive effect of UV rays on the skin affected by psoriasis was proved.Today, this method is successfully used to treat the disease.The radiation is performed using special facilities, and the whole body and only individual areas can be exposed.
- Patients diagnosed with psoriasis usually begin to undergo depressive disorders associated with disease experiences.In this case, the electron can help.The procedure has a sedative effect, the patient relaxes, his psychological state is stabilized.All of this favorably affects the course of the disease.
- Magnetotherapy helps improve blood circulation, reduce itching, normalizes metabolism.
- The cryotherapy or cold treatment procedure also proved its effectiveness in the treatment of psoriasis.The affected areas are exposed to liquid nitrogen vapor, as a result, itching decreases, active metabolic processes in skin cells are launched.
- Treatment of resort-sanatorium may have a very beneficial effect and promote the patient who enters the stage of remission.
If you diagnosed psoriasis, try not to fall into despair.Medicine is not stopped and, each year, more and more advanced medications that allow you to get rid of the symptoms of the disease for a long time.Follow all the doctor's recommendations, take a healthy lifestyle and, as far as possible, avoid factors that can cause exacerbation.